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星期日, 十月 07, 2007

全球不宜居大城市评选 北京第一上海第二广州第四

美国《读者文摘》(Reader's Digest)最新一期评选出全球适宜居住的绿色环保国家及城市排行榜。调查的范围包括了饮水品质、能源利用、废气排放、医疗保健、绿地面积、废物处理、教育、收入等多方面,主要是依据联合国2006人类发展指数(Human Development Indicators,HDI)和耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学国际地球科学信息网、世界经济论坛联合制订的环境可持续性指数(Environmental Sustainability Index,ESI)。HDI是用来判断各国和城市的生活质量,主要观察可期望寿命、教育程度、人均收入;ESI是通过几个不同指数,判断社会的不同层面对环境保护产生的影响。

主持调查的是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校环境学院的Matthew Kahn博士。

全球141国调查,环境和生活质量前五名:

1. 芬兰;
2. 冰岛;
3. 挪威;
4. 瑞典;
5. 奥地利

全球141国调查,环境和生活质量末五名:

137. 乍得;
138. 布基纳法索;
139. 塞拉利昂;
140. 尼日尔;
141. 埃塞俄比亚

其他:

12. 日本
21. 德国
23. 美国
31. 阿尔巴尼亚
35. 韩国
84. 中国

全球72城市调查,环境和生活质量前五名:

1. 斯德哥尔摩;
2. 奥斯陆;
3. 慕尼黑;
4. 巴黎;
5. 法兰克福

全球72城市调查,环境和生活质量末五名:

68. 曼谷;
69. 广州;
70. 孟买;
71. 上海;
72. 北京

其他:

15. 纽约
18. 香港
20. 东京
52. 首尔
67. 台北

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Countries Overall

1. Finland
2. Iceland
3. Norway
4. Sweden
5. Austria
6. Switzerland
7. Ireland
8. Australia
9. Uruguay
10. Denmark
11. Canada
12. Japan
13. Israel
14. Italy
15. Slovenia
16. France
17. Netherlands
18. Portugal
19. New Zealand
20. Greece
21. Germany
22. Latvia
23. United States
24. Lithuania
25. United Kingdom
26. Belgium
27. Argentina
28. Croatia
29. Spain
30. Hungary
31. Albania
32. Estonia
33. Slovakia
34. Costa Rica
35. South Korea
36. Cuba
37. Belarus
38. Czech Republic
39. Bosnia and Herzegovina
40. Brazil
41. Panama
42. Armenia
43. Chile
44. Paraguay
45. United Arab Emirates
46. Macedonia
47. Bulgaria
48. Poland
49. Kuwait
50. Oman
51. Russia
52. Peru
53. Colombia
54. Malaysia
55. Guyana
56. Romania
57. Trinidad & Tobago
58. Georgia
59. Kazakhstan
60. Moldova
61. Thailand
62. Tunisia
63. Mexico
64. Libya
65. Ukraine
66. Sri Lanka
67. Lebanon
68. Venezuela
69. Ecuador
70. Turkey
71. Jordan
72. Algeria
73. Kyrgyzstan
74. Azerbaijan
75. Bolivia
76. Gabon
77. Dominican Republic
78. Syria
79. El Salvador
80. Saudi Arabia
81. Jamaica
82. Indonesia
83. Iran
84. China
85. Nicaragua
86. Namibia
87. Philippines
88. Egypt
89. Mongolia
90. Viet Nam
91. Myanmar
92. Honduras
93. Botswana
94. Turkmenistan
95. Tajikistan
96. South Africa
97. Guatemala
98. Cambodia
99. Uzbekistan
100. Bhutan
101. Laos
102. Morocco
103. Ghana
104. India
105. Congo
106. Cameroon
107. Uganda
108. Nepal
109. Papua New Guinea
110. Gambia
111. Bangladesh
112. Madagascar
113. Senegal
114. Togo
115. Pakistan
116. Kenya
117. Rwanda
118. Guinea
119. Zimbabwe
120. Zambia
121. Nigeria
122. Sudan
123. Tanzania
124. Benin
125. Central Africa Republic
126. Malawi
127. Mauritania
128. Yemen
129. Angola
130. Côte d'Ivoire
131. Democratic Republic of the Congo
132. Haiti
133. Mali
134. Guinea-Bissau
135. Mozambique
136. Burundi
137. Chad
138. Burkina Faso
139. Sierra Leone
140. Niger
141. Ethiopia

-
Cities Overall

1. Stockholm, Sweden
2. Oslo, Norway
3. Munich, Germany
4. Paris, France
5. Frankfurt, Germany
6. Stuttgart, Germany
7. Lyon, France
8. Dusseldorf, Germany
9. Nantes, France
10. Copenhagen, Denmark
11. Geneva, Switzerland
12. Zurich, Switzerland
13. Glasgow, United Kingdom
14. Barcelona, Spain
15. New York, United States
16. Brussels, Belgium
17. Hamburg, Germany
18. Hong Kong, PR China
19. Newcastle, United Kingdom
20. Tokyo, Japan
21. Helsinki, Finland
22. Washington, D.C., United States
23. Chicago, United States
24. Vancouver, Canada
25. Dortmund, Germany
26. San Francisco, United States
27. London, United Kingdom
28. Perth, Australia
29. Melbourne, Australia
30. Manchester, United Kingdom
31. Graz, Austria
32. Berlin, Germany
33. Ottawa, Canada
34. Wellington, New Zealand
35. Amsterdam, Netherlands
36. Atlanta, United States
37. Marseille, France
38. Vienna, Austria
39. Rome, Italy
40. Sydney, Australia
41. Prague, Czech Republic
42. Brisbane, Australia
43. Denver, United States
44. Berne, Switzerland
45. Singapore, Singapore
46. Houston, United States
47. Bologna, Italy
48. Montreal, Canada
49. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
50. Toronto, Canada
51. Cape Town, South Africa
52. Seoul, South Korea
53. Milan, Italy
54. Curitiba, Brazil
55. San Diego, United States
56. Madrid, Spain
57. Los Angeles, United States
58. Budapest, Hungary
59. Calgary, Canada
60. Phoenix, United States
61. Johannesburg, South Africa
62. Sao Paulo, Brazil
63. Athens, Greece
64. Tel Aviv, Israel
65. Chennai, India
66. Cracow, Poland
67. Taipei, Taiwan
68. Bangkok, Thailand
69. Guangzhou, PR China
70. Mumbai, India
71. Shanghai, PR China
72. Beijing, PR China

http://www.rd.com/content/greenest-locations-on-the-globe/

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